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#password-hashing

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Encryption

Salt vs Pepper in Password Hashing

Learn the difference between a cryptographic salt and pepper, why both defend against rainbow tables and database breaches, and how to use them securely.

·8 min ·beginner

Encryption

Argon2id vs PBKDF2: Why GPU-Resistant Key Derivation Matters

PBKDF2 can be cracked at 1 billion guesses/second on a single GPU. Argon2id stops that cold. Here's how — and why you should care which one your tools use.

·9 min ·intermediate